Shock-absorbing device.



A. BACGHI.

SHOCK ABSORBING DEVICE.

PPLIGATIO'N Huma 001.21, 1911.

l,()23,?95. g Patented Apr. 23, 1912.

ABDENAGO BACCHI, 0F QUINCY, MASSACHUSETTS.

SHOCK-ABSORBING- DEVICE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Apr. 23, 1era.

Application led October 21, 1911. Serial No. 656,063.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, AnDnnAco BACCHI, a citizen of Argentina, residing atQuincy, lcounty of Norfolln. State of Massachusetts, have invented an Imrovement in Shock- ;Absorbing Devices, o which the followingdescription, in connection with the accompanying drawing, is aspecication, like characters on the drawing representing like partev Theobject of this lnventlon 1s to provide a device for the prevention ofsudden and absorb t-he shock resulting from the sudden' character ofsuch relative movement, and

the invention is not to be limited to use in any particularvehicle ormachine.

-The nature of the invention will appear more fully from theaccompanying description and drawings, and will be particularly pointedout in the a pended claims.

The drawings il ustrate the preferred Vform of device embodying theinvention.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a side eleva'- tion of the device with theleft hand portion shown chiefly in central vertical cross section. Fig..EZ is an end elevationof the device. Fi 3 is view in horizontal crosssection ot the central and right hand porvtions of the device enlarged.Fig. 4 is a detail chiefly in 'cross section of a modification ofthe-construction shown in Fig. 3.

The drawings do not illustrate in det-ail the two, parts which have therelative movement, because tlvese form no part of the invention.. If thedevice be used for automobiles 1 may be considered as a portion of fthechassis, and 2 may represent the axle or a portion of the running gear'.These `elements 1 and 2 are, however, simply typical of two parts hating a relative movement toward and from eah other, and in connectionwith which. it is' desirable to absorb or ,diminish 'the 'shock due to asudden relative movement.

The device of this invention comprises a pair of frame members adaptedto be se-' cured respectively to the parts such as the l chassis andrunning gear'of an automobile,

having a relative movement toward and from each other. In the particularconstruction illustrated in the drawings one of these frame members isindicated at 3 and the other at 4. The one frame member, and in the formshown the lower one 4, is provided with a pair of tracks 5 and 6adjustably connected at 7 and 8 by bolts thereto. These tracks' aresecured together at their upper ends in any suitable manner, and divergefrom` a point near their upper ends both upwardly and downwardly. Theother, or upper frame member 3, Ahas its main portion consisting of along tube extending transversely of the parallel tracks 5 and 6. The endsections 9 and 10 of t-he tube present unbroken, preferably cylindrical,walls, but the central section 11 is slotted vertically to allow themovement of the tracks 5 and 6 vertically therethrou h. A brace shown asan upwardly extending U shaped bracket 12 is secured at 13 and 14 to theupper side of the tubular portion of the member 3 near each end of theslotted central section.v

`A pair of oppositely disposed rolls are vmounted for transverse bodilymovement toward and from each other in the frame member 3, and` in theconstruction shownthis is secured by mountin the rolls respectively onplungers carrie in the inclosed end sections of the tubular portion ofthe frame member 3. Each roll co-acts with the adjacent track 5 or 6,1and isheld thereagainst by a powerful springjpressure'. In theconstruction shown powerful helical springs are provided, one for eachplunger; but it is ynot essential that both `springs should be used, andeither might be omitted if desired.

The roll 15 cooperating with the track 5 yis journaled in a head 16connected to a plunger-rod 17. This plunger-rod 17 `is supported at itsforward end in a piston -18 sliding in the tubular end section 9, whileits rear end slides in a sleeve 19, which sleeve in turn slides in a cap2O closing the endof the tubular section 9. A powerful helical` spring21 surroundsithe plunger rod 17 and extends between the piston 1S'and iing with the track 6 and the parts connected the plate Q2 restingagainst the inner'cnd` ot the sleeve 19. It will thus be seen t-hat whenthe sleeve 19 is forced inwardly the helical spring 21 will becompressed, thus` increasing the pressure tending to force the roll 1.7iagainst the track 5. A friction pawl Q23 is pivoted at 34 in the head 16and held upwardly against the roll 15 byl a spring 95,so that the roll415 may rotate ii'reel'iv when it rides down the track 5, but will beretarded in its rotation or held against rotation as it moves in theopposite direction, or upwardly.

The construction of the roll 26 coperattlierewith and by which itisoperated Aare similar to those already describetheoinprisingithe head27, the plunger-rod 28, helical spring 29, piston 30, cap 81, plate 32and paw] 323. in the case of these parts, however. the plunger-rod Q8instead ot' extending into a sleeve, extends at its vrearward end intothe screw-threaded cap 31, and which sere\\"abuts against the plate 32.

T he screw extending through the cap 31 oi' the tubular end section 10is as shown provided with threaded sections of ditt'erent pitch. thatsection toward the outer end of the screw being twice` the pitch of thatsection 35 entering the cap 31. A cross-head 3G is threaded upon thesection. ll, and a similar crosshead is secured .to the lsleeve 19. andthese crossheads are coni nected by parallel rods 37 and 3S. It will beseen, therefore, that it' theserew at the right hand end be turned bymeans ot' the hand' wheel 39 so as to move inwardly through the cap 31and press the plate 39. toward the center, the movement of said sei-ewwill at the same time through the agency ot` the erosshead 3G andconnections to the opposite end of the frame, force the plate Q2 anequal distance toward the center. Thus both springs are rompressed andthe positionfot' tht` two rolls 15 and 2G is maintained centrally of theframe.

In Fig. 4. a modification ot the above construction is shown, wherebythe Same-result may be secured. ln this figure the seotion o t the screwextending through the rap :110 hasl no threads but is exteriorly smooth,while the section extending through the'eap Cit is threaded at 34, asin. the previous ease. In this construction, andassum ing that the twosprings vare ot substantially the same resiliency, when the screw isturned by means of the hand wheel 39 the cross-head 3U will move towardthe hand wheel `owing to its threaded connection with the screw, and thescrew will slideI in through the cap, thus simultaneously pressing bothsprings, as in the. construction already described. -l'n either case apointer arm fttlrmay he attached to the erosshead B6 andextend along ascale41. This scale may be marked to indicate in pounds or other unitsthe degree to which the screw must be Aturned to correspond 'with theload carried vby vthe `member 1.

For example, if the device is employed in an automobile and tivopassengersare carried, the'screw may be turned until the pointerindicates the coin* biried weight of tliepassengers. If an additionalpassenger is carried, the screw is turned farther until the pointerindicates an amount equal'to the weight of the three Thus` by `the useot this scale the `amount of )compression may readily be given to thespringblto absorb the shock .due to the varying lo d. 1

The operation `of the device as thus far described will now be apparent.The screw is first adjusted to compressthe springsl and secure therequired pressure, forcing the rolls toward each other. movement of theframeniember 3 toward the trame member 4; takes place, the rolls 5 andQG ridingr down the diverging tracks i3 and 6 compress the springs andlabsorb the shock. Biitfars 4Q and 43 are provided onthe frame member 4'soI that in case o'fan Upon the return or recoil movement the frictionpawls Q3 and 33 come into action,

Aandthe rollers slide upivfardly on the t acks 5T and G withoutrotatiijrigy and the friction of. this sliding movement' servesmateriaily` to minimize the 4recoil movement.` The tracks 5 andGfdiverging at their upper ends also servefto take care ot the recoilbecause the springs are again compressed as the rollers pass abovetheirnornial position.-

ln the construction thus illustrated and When a sudden described thefriction pawls 23 and 33 serve 'place thereof, or in connectiontherewith,`

This

the dashpot construction illustrated.

lconstruction comprises a piston connected,

with one frame iiieinbci'.`sneh as the frame member 4, and a cylinderconnected with the opposing frame member, such as 3. The cylinder 44 isshown as rigidly con net-.ted to the brace 12 and extending centrallybetween the tracks 5 and 6. The pisrecoil, but due to the movement. `ot`thev Either the 't'rieframe members together. I tion pawlor. thedash-pot constitutes means.

independent of themeans t'or yieldingly` re-v y `ton 45 is carried by arod 4G connected at 47 Y tarding the separationnoi bodily movement,

of the rolls, 'for retardiiig the movement `spectively to parts havin ofthe frame members away from each other.

By varying the divergence 4of the tracks 5 and 6 vby changingtheproportions of piston and'cylinder by selecting the desired resilienceof the springs,and ,by adjusting the compressing force qt the' springsbythe hand screw, it is possible vto construct a shock absorbingdevicembodying this invention adaptable to] almost any purpose, and onein which the shocks may be absorbed due to varying ,conditions of loador usage, so that the invention presents a device capable of a ve widerange of use, and capable of satisfying avery wide range of conditions.

The invention having been described, what is claimed as new and desiredto be secured by Letters Patent, is:

1. A shock absorber comprising a pair offrame members adapted to besecured rement toward' and from eac other, a pair of ,oppositelydisposed rolls mounted for transverse bodily movement toward' and fromeachother in the one frame member, means for yieldingly, retarding thebodily movement o fsaid rolls away from each other, a pair of. divergingtracks cooperating respectively with said rolls and carried by the otherframe member, and means lfor holding .said rolls against rotation duringthe movement of the frame members away from each other and permittingtheir rotation at other times. l

2. A shock absorber-comprising a pair of frame, members adapted to besecuredI respectively to parts having relative movement toward and fromeach other, a pair of oppositely disposed rolls mounted for transversebodily movement toward and from eachother in the one frame member,springs acting to press said rolls toward each-other,

and means for simultaneously adjusting the compression of said springswithout dis.

turbing the position of said rolls with respect to said frame, and a pair of diverging tracks cooperating respectlvely ,with said rolls andcarried by the other frame member.

3. A shock absorber comprising a pair of frame members adapted to besecured re' spectively to parts havin relative movement toward and fromeac other, a pair, of

oppositely disposed rolls mounted for transverse bodily movement towardand fromv each other in the one frame member, springs acting to presssaid rolls toward each other, means fonsimultaneously adjusting thecompression of said springs without disturbing the position of saidrolls with respect to said frame, a pair of diver-ging tracks coperating respectively with said rolls and carried by the other frame member,and means for holdingr the said rolls against rotation durrelativemove;'

ing the movement of the frame members away fromeach other and permittingtheir rotation at other times. l s

4. A shock absorber comprising a pair of frame ymembers adapted tobesecured retracksl coperating respectively with said.

rolls and carried by the other frame member.

sov relative to the frame, a pair of diverging 5, A shock absorbercomprising a' pair of frame members adapted to be secured re specti-velyto parts having relative move- Tment toward and from eachother, atubular section carried by the oneframe transversely thereof, a pair ofoppositely disposed plungers sliding in said tubular section, a pair ofrolls carried respectively by said plungers near the middle of saidsection, helical springs surrounding said plungers and acting to movesaid rolls toward each other, means for simultaneously compressing saidsprings without disturbing their position relative to the frame, a pairof divergin tracks coperatin ,respectively with sai rolls and carried bythe other framemember, and means independent of the devices acting toretard ythe transverse movements of the said rolls for retardingfthemovement of said frame members away lfrom each other.

6. A shock absorber comprising-a pair of frame members adapted. to beAsecured repectively fto parts having relative movementtoward and fromeach other, the one frame member present..ig a transverse tubularportlon comprlsing end sections and a vslotted central section, plungersmounted in each .end section and carrying at their adjacent ends rolls,a plate located in the outer ends of each tubular end section,v helicalsprings located in each tubular end section between the' said plate andthe rollcarrying end of the plunger, a screw threaded into one endsection'and bearing against one plate, said screw provided throughoutits outer section with a thread of double the pitchof the pitch of thatportionv entering the tubular end section, a crosshead threaded-on theouter threaded section of the said screw, a crosshead at the oppositetubular end section, a sleeve carrying said second crosshead andabutting against the other plate, rods 'connecting said crossheadswhereby upon the turning of said screw thov Huid two platos are drawntogether to In testimony whereof, have Signed my compress the springssimultaneously With name to this speciicatioh in the presence of l0 outdisturbing tjhe position of the rolls with two subscribing Witnesses.respect to the rame, a pair of diverwing 5' frankie Cooperating`reapactively with usaid ABDENAGO BACCI-H' rolis and carried by theother fram@ mem- W'itnesses: her, said' trucks passing through theslotted ROBERT Gr. BOETTGHER,

tubular portion. HUGO WILKMDORR

